As i am an Ibmcloud (Bluemix)user, i share with you a ready Devops toolchain that i use for my Kubernetes Deployment .

In the interest of efficiency and continuous deployment, the implementation of a ToolChain of continuous deployment remains a must. The latter is divided into 3 Steps :

Step 1

Validate docker file
Build Docker image
Push docker images to Registry

Step2 : Non blocking Step

Vulnerability scanning for the docker image
Get the recommendations to fix them

Step3

validate deployment files
deploy changes to Kubernetes Cluster

🛠 Toolchain

Step 1 : Build

This step is responsible to verify docker file with a linter then build the image and push it to registry . Bellow we describe the shell scripte that do the stuff :

Verify Docker file

#!/bin/bash
echo "REGISTRY_URL=${REGISTRY_URL}"
echo "REGISTRY_NAMESPACE=${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}"
echo "IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME}"
echo "ARCHIVE_DIR=${ARCHIVE_DIR}"
echo "DOCKER_ROOT=${DOCKER_ROOT}"
echo "DOCKER_FILE=${DOCKER_FILE}"

# View build properties
if [ -f build.properties ]; then 
  echo "build.properties:"
  cat build.properties
else 
  echo "build.properties : not found"
fi 

echo "=========================================================="
echo "Checking for Dockerfile at the repository root"
if [ -z "${DOCKER_ROOT}" ]; then DOCKER_ROOT=. ; fi
if [ -z "${DOCKER_FILE}" ]; then DOCKER_FILE=Dockerfile ; fi
if [ -f ${DOCKER_ROOT}/${DOCKER_FILE} ]; then 
echo -e "Dockerfile found at: ${DOCKER_FILE}"
else
    echo "Dockerfile not found at: ${DOCKER_FILE}"
    exit 1
fi
echo "Linting Dockerfile"
npm install -g dockerlint
dockerlint -f ${DOCKER_ROOT}/${DOCKER_FILE}

echo "=========================================================="
echo "Checking registry current plan and quota"
bx cr plan
bx cr quota
echo "If needed, discard older images using: bx cr image-rm"
echo "Checking registry namespace: ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}"
NS=$( bx cr namespaces | grep ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE} ||: )
if [ -z "${NS}" ]; then
    echo "Registry namespace ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE} not found, creating it."
    bx cr namespace-add ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}
    echo "Registry namespace ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE} created."
else 
    echo "Registry namespace ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE} found."
fi
echo -e "Existing images in registry"
bx cr images --restrict ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}

Build Docker Image

#!/bin/bash
echo "REGISTRY_URL=${REGISTRY_URL}"
echo "REGISTRY_NAMESPACE=${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}"
echo "IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME}"
echo "BUILD_NUMBER=${BUILD_NUMBER}"
echo "ARCHIVE_DIR=${ARCHIVE_DIR}"
echo "GIT_BRANCH=${GIT_BRANCH}"
echo "GIT_COMMIT=${GIT_COMMIT}"
echo "DOCKER_ROOT=${DOCKER_ROOT}"
echo "DOCKER_FILE=${DOCKER_FILE}"

# View build properties
if [ -f build.properties ]; then 
  echo "build.properties:"
  cat build.properties
else 
  echo "build.properties : not found"
fi 

# To review or change build options use:
echo -e "build --help"

 bx cr build --help

echo -e "Existing images in registry"
bx cr images

# Minting image tag using format: BUILD_NUMBER--BRANCH-COMMIT_ID-TIMESTAMP
# e.g. 3-master-50da6912-20181123114435
# (use build number as first segment to allow image tag as a patch release name according to semantic versioning)

TIMESTAMP=$( date -u "+%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
IMAGE_TAG=${TIMESTAMP}
if [ ! -z "${GIT_COMMIT}" ]; then
  GIT_COMMIT_SHORT=$( echo ${GIT_COMMIT} | head -c 8 ) 
  IMAGE_TAG=${GIT_COMMIT_SHORT}-${IMAGE_TAG}
fi
if [ ! -z "${GIT_BRANCH}" ]; then IMAGE_TAG=${GIT_BRANCH}-${IMAGE_TAG} ; fi
IMAGE_TAG=${BUILD_NUMBER}-${IMAGE_TAG}
echo "=========================================================="
echo -e "BUILDING CONTAINER IMAGE: ${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}"
if [ -z "${DOCKER_ROOT}" ]; then DOCKER_ROOT=. ; fi
if [ -z "${DOCKER_FILE}" ]; then DOCKER_FILE=${DOCKER_ROOT}/Dockerfile ; fi


#set -x
#bx cr build -t ${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG} ${DOCKER_ROOT} -f ${DOCKER_FILE}
#set +x

bx cr build -t ${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${TIMESTAMP} ${DOCKER_ROOT} -f ${DOCKER_FILE}


bx cr image-inspect ${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${TIMESTAMP} 

# Set PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL for subsequent jobs in stage (e.g. Vulnerability Advisor)
export PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL="$REGISTRY_URL/$REGISTRY_NAMESPACE/$IMAGE_NAME:$IMAGE_TAG"

bx cr images --restrict ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}

echo "=========================================================="
echo "COPYING ARTIFACTS needed for deployment and testing (in particular build.properties)"

echo "Checking archive dir presence"
if [ -z "${ARCHIVE_DIR}" ]; then
  echo -e "Build archive directory contains entire working directory."
else
  echo -e "Copying working dir into build archive directory: ${ARCHIVE_DIR} "
  mkdir -p ${ARCHIVE_DIR}
  find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -not -path "./$ARCHIVE_DIR" -exec cp -R '{}' "${ARCHIVE_DIR}/" ';'
fi

# If already defined build.properties from prior build job, append to it.
cp build.properties $ARCHIVE_DIR/ || :

# IMAGE information from build.properties is used in Helm Chart deployment to set the release name
echo "IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME}" >> $ARCHIVE_DIR/build.properties
echo "IMAGE_TAG=${IMAGE_TAG}" >> $ARCHIVE_DIR/build.properties
# REGISTRY information from build.properties is used in Helm Chart deployment to generate cluster secret
echo "REGISTRY_URL=${REGISTRY_URL}" >> $ARCHIVE_DIR/build.properties
echo "REGISTRY_NAMESPACE=${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}" >> $ARCHIVE_DIR/build.properties
echo "GIT_BRANCH=${GIT_BRANCH}" >> $ARCHIVE_DIR/build.properties
echo "TIMESTAMP=${TIMESTAMP}" >> $ARCHIVE_DIR/build.properties
 
echo "File 'build.properties' created for passing env variables to subsequent pipeline jobs:"
cat $ARCHIVE_DIR/build.properties

Step 2 : Validate

Security Check

#!/bin/bash
# uncomment to debug the script
#set -x

# View build properties
if [ -f build.properties ]; then 
  echo "build.properties:"
  cat build.properties
else 
  echo "build.properties : not found"
fi 

PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL=${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${TIMESTAMP}

echo "PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL=${PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL}"
echo "REGISTRY_URL=${REGISTRY_URL}"
echo "REGISTRY_NAMESPACE=${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}"
echo "IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME}"
echo "IMAGE_TAG=${IMAGE_TAG}"
echo "TIMESTAMP=${TIMESTAMP}"

bx cr images --restrict ${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}
echo -e "Checking vulnerabilities in image: ${PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL}"

for ITER in {1..30}
do
  set +e
  STATUS=$( bx cr va -e -o json ${PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL} | jq -r '.[0].status' )
  set -e
  # Possible status from Vulnerability Advisor: OK, UNSUPPORTED, INCOMPLETE, UNSCANNED, FAIL, WARN
  if [[ ${STATUS} != "INCOMPLETE" && ${STATUS} != "UNSCANNED" ]]; then
    break
  fi
  echo -e "${ITER} STATUS ${STATUS} : A vulnerability report was not found for the specified image."
  echo "Either the image doesn't exist or the scan hasn't completed yet. "
  echo "Waiting for scan to complete..."
  sleep 10
done
set +e
bx cr va -e ${PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL}
set -e
STATUS=$( bx cr va -e -o json ${PIPELINE_IMAGE_URL} | jq -r '.[0].status' )
[[ ${STATUS} == "OK" ]] || [[ ${STATUS} == "UNSUPPORTED" ]] || [[ ${STATUS} == "WARN" ]] || { echo "ERROR: The vulnerability scan was not successful, check the OUTPUT of the command and try again."; exit 1; }

Step 3 : Deploy

Verify K8S deployments file

#!/bin/bash
# uncomment to debug the script
#set -x
echo "IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME}"
echo "IMAGE_TAG=${IMAGE_TAG}"
echo "REGISTRY_URL=${REGISTRY_URL}"
echo "REGISTRY_NAMESPACE=${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}"
echo "DEPLOYMENT_FILE=${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}"

# Fix : after getting error with IMAGE_TAG variable
IMAGE_TAG=${TIMESTAMP}


# Input env variables from pipeline job
echo "PIPELINE_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_NAME=${PIPELINE_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_NAME}"
if [ -z "${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}" ]; then CLUSTER_NAMESPACE=default ; fi
echo "CLUSTER_NAMESPACE=${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}"

echo "=========================================================="
echo "DEPLOYING using manifest"
echo -e "Updating ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE} with image name: ${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}"
if [ -z "${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}" ]; then DEPLOYMENT_FILE=deployment.yml ; fi
if [ -f ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE} ]; then
    sed -i "s~^\([[:blank:]]*\)image:.*$~\1image: ${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}~" ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}
    cat ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}
else 
    echo -e "${red}Kubernetes deployment file '${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}' not found${no_color}"
    exit 1
fi    
set -x
kubectl apply --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -f ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE} 
set +x

echo ""
echo "=========================================================="
IMAGE_REPOSITORY=${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}
echo -e "CHECKING deployment status of ${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"
echo ""
for ITERATION in {1..30}
do
  DATA=$( kubectl get pods --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -o json )
  NOT_READY=$( echo $DATA | jq '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | select(.ready==false) ' )
  if [[ -z "$NOT_READY" ]]; then
    echo -e "All pods are ready:"
    echo $DATA | jq '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | select(.ready==true) '
    break # deployment succeeded
  fi
  REASON=$(echo $DATA | jq '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | .state.waiting.reason')
  echo -e "${ITERATION} : Deployment still pending..."
  echo -e "NOT_READY:${NOT_READY}"
  echo -e "REASON: ${REASON}"
  if [[ ${REASON} == *ErrImagePull* ]] || [[ ${REASON} == *ImagePullBackOff* ]]; then
    echo "Detected ErrImagePull or ImagePullBackOff failure. "
    echo "Please check proper authenticating to from cluster to image registry (e.g. image pull secret)"
    break; # no need to wait longer, error is fatal
  elif [[ ${REASON} == *CrashLoopBackOff* ]]; then
    echo "Detected CrashLoopBackOff failure. "
    echo "Application is unable to start, check the application startup logs"
    break; # no need to wait longer, error is fatal
  fi
  sleep 5
done

APP_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -o json | jq -r '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | .name' | head -n 1)
echo -e "APP: ${APP_NAME}"
echo "DEPLOYED PODS:"
kubectl describe pods --selector app=${APP_NAME} --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}
if [ ! -z "${APP_NAME}" ]; then
  APP_SERVICE=$(kubectl get services --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -o json | jq -r ' .items[] | select (.spec.selector.app=="'"${APP_NAME}"'") | .metadata.name ')
  echo -e "SERVICE: ${APP_SERVICE}"
  echo "DEPLOYED SERVICES:"
  kubectl describe services ${APP_SERVICE} --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}
fi
#echo "Application Logs"
#kubectl logs --selector app=${APP_NAME} --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}  
echo ""
if [[ ! -z "$NOT_READY" ]]; then
  echo ""
  echo "=========================================================="
  echo "DEPLOYMENT FAILED"
  exit 1
fi

echo ""
echo "=========================================================="
echo "DEPLOYMENT SUCCEEDED"
if [ ! -z "${APP_SERVICE}" ]; then
  echo ""
  IP_ADDR=$(bx cs workers ${PIPELINE_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_NAME} | grep normal | head -n 1 | awk '{ print $2 }')
  PORT=$( kubectl get services --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} | grep ${APP_SERVICE} | sed 's/.*:\([0-9]*\).*/\1/g' )
  echo ""
  echo -e "VIEW THE APPLICATION AT: http://${IP_ADDR}:${PORT}"
fi

Deploy to K8S

#!/bin/bash
# uncomment to debug the script
#set -x

echo "IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME}"
echo "IMAGE_TAG=${IMAGE_TAG}"
echo "REGISTRY_URL=${REGISTRY_URL}"
echo "REGISTRY_NAMESPACE=${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}"
echo "DEPLOYMENT_FILE=${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}"

IMAGE_TAG=${TIMESTAMP}
   
# Input env variables from pipeline job
echo "PIPELINE_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_NAME=${PIPELINE_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_NAME}"
if [ -z "${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}" ]; then CLUSTER_NAMESPACE=default ; fi
echo "CLUSTER_NAMESPACE=${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}"

echo "=========================================================="
echo "DEPLOYING using manifest"
echo -e "Updating ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE} with image name: ${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}"
if [ -z "${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}" ]; then DEPLOYMENT_FILE=deployment.yml ; fi
if [ -f ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE} ]; then
    sed -i "s~^\([[:blank:]]*\)image:.*$~\1image: ${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}~" ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}
    cat ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}
else 
    echo -e "${red}Kubernetes deployment file '${DEPLOYMENT_FILE}' not found${no_color}"
    exit 1
fi    
set -x
kubectl apply --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -f ${DEPLOYMENT_FILE} 
set +x

echo ""
echo "=========================================================="
IMAGE_REPOSITORY=${REGISTRY_URL}/${REGISTRY_NAMESPACE}/${IMAGE_NAME}
echo -e "CHECKING deployment status of ${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"
echo ""
for ITERATION in {1..30}
do
  DATA=$( kubectl get pods --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -o json )
  NOT_READY=$( echo $DATA | jq '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | select(.ready==false) ' )
  if [[ -z "$NOT_READY" ]]; then
    echo -e "All pods are ready:"
    echo $DATA | jq '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | select(.ready==true) '
    break # deployment succeeded
  fi
  REASON=$(echo $DATA | jq '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | .state.waiting.reason')
  echo -e "${ITERATION} : Deployment still pending..."
  echo -e "NOT_READY:${NOT_READY}"
  echo -e "REASON: ${REASON}"
  if [[ ${REASON} == *ErrImagePull* ]] || [[ ${REASON} == *ImagePullBackOff* ]]; then
    echo "Detected ErrImagePull or ImagePullBackOff failure. "
    echo "Please check proper authenticating to from cluster to image registry (e.g. image pull secret)"
    break; # no need to wait longer, error is fatal
  elif [[ ${REASON} == *CrashLoopBackOff* ]]; then
    echo "Detected CrashLoopBackOff failure. "
    echo "Application is unable to start, check the application startup logs"
    break; # no need to wait longer, error is fatal
  fi
  sleep 5
done

APP_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -o json | jq -r '.items[].status | select(.containerStatuses!=null) | .containerStatuses[] | select(.image=="'"${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'") | .name' | head -n 1)
echo -e "APP: ${APP_NAME}"
echo "DEPLOYED PODS:"
kubectl describe pods --selector app=${APP_NAME} --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}
if [ ! -z "${APP_NAME}" ]; then
  APP_SERVICE=$(kubectl get services --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} -o json | jq -r ' .items[] | select (.spec.selector.app=="'"${APP_NAME}"'") | .metadata.name ')
  echo -e "SERVICE: ${APP_SERVICE}"
  echo "DEPLOYED SERVICES:"
  kubectl describe services ${APP_SERVICE} --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}
fi
#echo "Application Logs"
#kubectl logs --selector app=${APP_NAME} --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE}  
echo ""
if [[ ! -z "$NOT_READY" ]]; then
  echo ""
  echo "=========================================================="
  echo "DEPLOYMENT FAILED"
  exit 1
fi

echo ""
echo "=========================================================="
echo "DEPLOYMENT SUCCEEDED"
if [ ! -z "${APP_SERVICE}" ]; then
  echo ""
  IP_ADDR=$(bx cs workers ${PIPELINE_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_NAME} | grep normal | head -n 1 | awk '{ print $2 }')
  PORT=$( kubectl get services --namespace ${CLUSTER_NAMESPACE} | grep ${APP_SERVICE} | sed 's/.*:\([0-9]*\).*/\1/g' )
  echo ""
  echo -e "VIEW THE APPLICATION AT: http://${IP_ADDR}:${PORT}"
fi

Problems

⚠ Cluster kube always on “Pending”

After creating k8s cluster , the latter is still always in ‘Pending’ status

✅ Resolution : Update Kubernetes cluster to last proposed version

⚠ Can’t publish docker image on registry

On the BUILD step of the Toolchain FAILED , because of the name of the image

The supplied image name was invalid.
Correct the image name, and try again.

✅ add a TIMESTAMP to docker image name . Replace the ${TAG_NAME} with ${TIMESTAMP}

That’s all , thank you for reading and your feedback is highly appreciated

Step 1#

Step2 : Non blocking Step#

Step3#

🛠 Toolchain#

Step 1 : Build#

Verify Docker file#

Build Docker Image#

Step 2 : Validate#

Security Check#

Step 3 : Deploy#

Verify K8S deployments file#

Deploy to K8S#

Problems#

⚠ Cluster kube always on “Pending”#